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Figure 1 LEDs and lighting indications in automotive lighting
How the light appears to be bent 90° or 180° still has enough light output to perfectly illuminate the area of ​​the door handle with precise brightness and coverage. This possibility is almost limitless, and it is only limited by the design ideas, styles and functional concepts of the interior lighting designer.
Light Pipe Sealing Two of these design requirements can control how light exits the light pipe by properly handling the inner surface of the light pipe and by constructing the scattering shape and calibration surface of the appropriate light exit point. Since the light-emitting surface of an LED is only a small fraction of a standard incandescent lamp, any loss of light can be a cut-off point from "successful design" to "unstable prototype."
As shown in Figure 2, light can be emitted from a surface mount LED device mounted on a small PCB board using a current limiting resistor and a reverse polarity protection diode. Light is directed onto a simple or well-designed light pipe, which is an extremely simple way to bind light. A more common method is to use a suitable "lens" or light-emitting face, and the mounting method is often carried in the interior of the car into the opening of the door panel, the center console or the dashboard.
Suitable internal surface treatments and modern mold techniques make it possible for light to be efficiently absorbed by the light pipe, to limit losses and to internally reflect light to a certain distance and to form a specific light indicating shape. In the past, some comfortable lighting designs that should be illuminated directly with incandescent lamps were not considered from a decorative point of view, so they were not used in actual products. In other words, LEDs and their light pipes have lower dimensions, heat dissipation, current requirements, overall weight and cost compared to similar incandescent lamps.
Comfort lighting systems are designed to illuminate certain objects or concentrate light into a certain area, so they can create special effects, from displaying the manufacturer's brand logo on the roof to lighting a larger shaded area. Simulated light curtain effect.
Another aspect of wavelength quality and design consistency that differs from traditional incandescent lighting is that the concept of all comfort lighting has been proven before they are prototyped using spectral analysis and illumination simulation software. As shown in Figure 3, all LEDs, regardless of their declared output color, include a very broad spectral component in the visible spectrum. In European car design, software is used to develop various levels of comfort lighting, which can use text and graphics to show what color is actually emitted.
Figure 3 Simulation software used to display the precise spectrum of the LEDs and the direction of the light radiation. The designer should be aware that the car manufacturer wants to have a good color consistency for each car produced, so they must also maintain the lighting components. Consistency between the two. Automotive manufacturers need LEDs with specific wavelengths or "colors" to keep the LEDs used in their branded car comfort lighting systems consistent. At the same time, the automakers must maintain the consistency of their automotive products many years later.
The color of the LED illumination depends on the material properties in the diode semiconductor junction. In order to emit light of a particular color, these materials must be doped with arsenic, gallium and other mixtures.
Leading suppliers' LEDs are divided into different grades or groups, containing colors that are more or less consistent in color batches. When the grouping in the level is increased, it is possible to ensure that there are more LEDs of similar colors. Designers should have a clear understanding of the supplier's color grading scheme to meet their own LED color tolerances and specifications. When the car manufacturer specifies wavelength or color standards for the LEDs used, the color of the interior lighting will be the same in each car, just as the car's exterior paint color remains the same.
Reliability and testing Imagine the harsh environment faced by LEDs inside the car, which can be heated to over 200oF, or as low as the coldest outside the car. Moreover, the LEDs themselves are very susceptible to damage due to vibration, shock, or moisture, as are their PCBs, connectors, and light pipes, as well as various other causes of driving that can cause malfunctions.
One design consideration is that if the manufacturing process is not followed during the manufacturing process, the light guide may be broken, discolored, and dark. Light guides made of inexpensive materials start to turn yellow if exposed to high temperatures for a long period of time. Therefore, high-quality heat-resistant materials are a major consideration in the optical and physical reliability of light guides. High-grade polycarbonate is ideal for these applications. With modern, ultra-high pressure injection molding technology, polycarbonate light pipes will provide superior light transmission properties over other materials for a long time.
LED to achieve automotive interior lighting needs
LEDs for illuminating indications are used in large numbers in today's automotive lighting applications. They can be integrated near the door handle, used for keyhole illumination, or a turn flash on the mirror, as well as pedal lighting and cup holder illumination. The shape of the illuminating indicator can be very simple (direct light transmission), but it can also be done very complicated, as shown in Figure 1, to meet the needs of precise lighting.